![]() ![]() The term lone actor or lone wolf is not a legal term or a social science concept. This particular term is more likely to be used by American law enforcement than by academics who study this phenomenon. The descriptor 'lone wolf' is derived from the notion of a lone wolf, a pack animal that has left or been excluded from its pack. However, only 158 of these met the criteria for a lone actor shooting which occurred in a public setting. Criminologist Grant Duwe identified 845 mass shootings in the United States between 19. The definition also excludes killings such as familicide, where the perpetrator kills the rest of their family in a private setting. The academic definition of lone actor mass shootings means they occur in a public setting and excludes the killing of multiple people if those deaths occur during the commission of other crimes, such as bank robberies or during gang warfare. Studies have found that some lone actor attacks are committed because of personal grievances and a desire for revenge, while others are acts of terrorism, intended to induce fear and influence the way people think. Lone actor attacks have become the subject of academic research. Although definitions vary, most databases require a minimum of four victims (including injured) for the event to be considered a mass murder. In other countries, knives are sometimes used to commit mass stabbings. In the United States, such attacks are usually committed with firearms. ![]() A lone wolf attack, or lone actor attack, is a particular kind of mass murder, committed in a public setting by an individual who plans and commits the act on their own.
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